PROTECTING AND ENHANCING
ARIZONA’S WATER SUPPLY
Lead CCASS Contacts: Kathy Jacobs and Neha Gupta
Arizona Tri-University Recharge and Water Reliability Project
Escalating drought over the past two decades has led to growing concerns regarding water quantity and quality for Arizona’s communities. At the request of the Arizona Department of Water Resources, a team of researchers from the University of Arizona (UArizona), Arizona State University (ASU), and Northern Arizona University (NAU) will study locations and methods for protecting and enhancing groundwater recharge across the state.
- More than 90% of precipitation that falls as rain and snow in Arizona evaporates before it enters a stream or recharges the groundwater.
- Capturing this water before it escapes to the atmosphere and encouraging it to percolate into the ground to replenish aquifers (enhanced recharge) can increase water supplies for communities and support ecosystems.
Project Goals
- Identify ways to protect water supplies across the state by capturing precipitation before it evaporates or is used by plants
- Focus exclusively on water supplies that would not otherwise have reached a natural channel
- Identify locations for enhanced recharge for human and wildlife needs
- Identify land and vegetation management practices to enhance water availability
- Develop a system for prioritizing recharge sites

The Arizona Tri-University Recharge and Water Reliability Project will use this series of questions as a framework to identify locations where precipitation can be captured before it evaporates and locations favorable for enhanced recharge projects or direct use. The locations where available water overlaps with favorable conditions for recharge or direct use may be locations suitable for the Arizona Department of Water Resources to develop projects.
Project Structure
The Arizona Tri-University Recharge and Water Reliability Project consists of 5 subteams comprised of researchers, post docs, and graduate students from the three state universities, the University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. The project subteams are Forests and Natural Environments, Urban Environment, Recharge Alteration/Enhancement, Hydroclimate, and Stakeholder and Partner Engagement.
While focused on their individual areas, the researchers will integrate data, methods, and products across subteams.

Example Water Recharge Project from the San Pedro Watershed:
Palominas Flood Control and Recharge Project
The Palominas Flood Control and Recharge Project is managed by Cochise County, Arizona as part of the Cochise Conservation and Recharge Network (CCRN). The Network is a consortium of regional organizations formed to implement projects designed to increase groundwater recharge and protect groundwater resources in the most strategic places along the San Pedro River, thereby helping to ensure the health of the riparian corridor and securing water for communities. Employing lessons learned from the CCRN, the Arizona Tri-University Recharge and Water Reliability Project will help identify and prioritize locations for recharge projects across the state to enhance water supply reliability for communities and protect environmental quality.

Diffuse sheetflow is conveyed to the recharge facility.

Constructed basins subsequently recharge with infiltration trenches and dry wells.
Methods
- Engage stakeholders, including land and water management agencies and tribal authorities, through workshops and meetings
- Map soils and surface geology to identify areas where water can readily recharge aquifers
- Estimate current and projected future precipitation, evaporation, recharge, and surface water runoff across the state by integrating observations, remote sensing products, and hydrologic models
This project will use hydroclimate modeling to project how potential future warmer climates may affect each recharge mechanism. The modeling results will guide identification of locations for enhanced recharge projects and recommendations of land treatment options.

Conceptual illustration of four different recharge mechanisms under 20th century climate (a) and future climate (b).
From Meixner et al., 2016
Click here for the full article from Meixner et al. titled Implications of projected climate change for groundwater recharge in the western United States (2016). Link to the Meixner et al., 2016 figure license is located here.
Products
Findings report will include:
- Potential for enhancing urban recharge associated with rainwater and floodwater harvesting
- Influence of forest and rangeland management options to generate additional water for recharge
- Implications of climate change for both runoff and recharge in the future
- Identification of potential partnerships with stakeholders and land management agencies
- Estimate potential changes in water availability resulting from wildfire, forest, and vegetation management practices in current and future climates
- Assess rainwater harvesting and green infrastructure opportunities to enhance recharge using storm water generated through increased urbanization
- Digital maps of possible locations for enhanced recharge, potential management options for enhancing recharge, and proximity to existing and potential groundwater users and important environmental features
- Description of the processes and tools that can be used to strategically prioritize the areas where recharge potential can be enhanced; links to data, tools and models used
- Annotated review of existing literature supporting the work of this project
Resources

ATUR Flyer
Arizona Tri-University Recharge and Water Reliability 2-Page Flyer
Photo credit: Jakob Køhn on Unsplash

ATUR Year 1 Newsletter
Arizona Tri-University Recharge and Water Reliability Project Year 1 Newsletter
Photo credit: Stephen Crane on Unsplash

ATUR Flood Control Workshop Policy Brief
Arizona Tri-University Recharge and Water Reliability Project Flood Control Districts Workshop - Policy Brief
Photo credit: David Lusvardi on Unsplash
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Post-Doctoral Researchers
Graduate Students